2 Raja-raja 8:25--10:14
Konteks8:25 In the twelfth year of the reign of Israel’s King Joram, son of Ahab, Jehoram’s son Ahaziah became king over Judah. 8:26 Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he became king and he reigned for one year in Jerusalem. 1 His mother was Athaliah, the granddaughter 2 of King Omri of Israel. 8:27 He followed in the footsteps of Ahab’s dynasty and did evil in the sight of 3 the Lord, like Ahab’s dynasty, for he was related to Ahab’s family. 4
8:28 He joined Ahab’s son Joram in a battle against King Hazael of Syria at Ramoth Gilead in which the Syrians defeated Joram. 8:29 King Joram returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds he received from the Syrians 5 in Ramah when he fought against King Hazael of Syria. King Ahaziah son of Jehoram of Judah went down to visit 6 Joram son of Ahab in Jezreel, for he was ill.
9:1 Now Elisha the prophet summoned a member of the prophetic guild 7 and told him, “Tuck your robes into your belt, take this container 8 of olive oil in your hand, and go to Ramoth Gilead. 9:2 When you arrive there, look for Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi and take him aside into an inner room. 9 9:3 Take the container of olive oil, pour it over his head, and say, ‘This is what the Lord says, “I have designated 10 you as king over Israel.”’ Then open the door and run away quickly!” 11
9:4 So the young prophet 12 went to Ramoth Gilead. 9:5 When he arrived, the officers of the army were sitting there. 13 So he said, “I have a message for you, O officer.” 14 Jehu asked, “For which one of us?” 15 He replied, “For you, O officer.” 9:6 So Jehu 16 got up and went inside. Then the prophet 17 poured the olive oil on his head and said to him, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says, ‘I have designated you as king over the Lord’s people Israel. 9:7 You will destroy the family of your master Ahab. 18 I will get revenge against Jezebel for the shed blood of my servants the prophets and for the shed blood of all the Lord’s servants. 19 9:8 Ahab’s entire family will die. I 20 will cut off every last male belonging to Ahab in Israel, including even the weak and incapacitated. 21 9:9 I will make Ahab’s dynasty 22 like those of Jeroboam son of Nebat and Baasha son of Ahijah. 9:10 Dogs will devour Jezebel on the plot of ground in Jezreel; she will not be buried.’” 23 Then he opened the door and ran away.
9:11 When Jehu rejoined 24 his master’s servants, they 25 asked him, “Is everything all right? 26 Why did this madman visit you?” He replied, “Ah, it’s not important. You know what kind of man he is and the kinds of things he says.” 27 9:12 But they said, “You’re lying! Tell us what he said.” So he told them what he had said. He also related how he had said, 28 “This is what the Lord says, ‘I have designated you as king over Israel.’” 9:13 Each of them quickly took off his cloak and they spread them out at Jehu’s 29 feet on the steps. 30 The trumpet was blown 31 and they shouted, “Jehu is 32 king!” 9:14 Then Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram.
Now Joram had been in Ramoth Gilead with the whole Israelite army, 33 guarding against an invasion by King Hazael of Syria. 9:15 But King Joram had returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds he received from the Syrians 34 when he fought against King Hazael of Syria. 35 Jehu told his supporters, 36 “If you really want me to be king, 37 then don’t let anyone escape from the city to go and warn Jezreel.” 9:16 Jehu drove his chariot 38 to Jezreel, for Joram was recuperating 39 there. (Now King Ahaziah of Judah had come down to visit 40 Joram.)
9:17 Now the watchman was standing on the tower in Jezreel and saw Jehu’s troops approaching. 41 He said, “I see troops!” 42 Jehoram ordered, 43 “Send a rider out to meet them and have him ask, ‘Is everything all right?’” 44 9:18 So the horseman 45 went to meet him and said, “This is what the king says, ‘Is everything all right?’” 46 Jehu replied, “None of your business! 47 Follow me.” The watchman reported, “The messenger reached them, but hasn’t started back.” 9:19 So he sent a second horseman out to them 48 and he said, “This is what the king says, ‘Is everything all right?’” 49 Jehu replied, “None of your business! Follow me.” 9:20 The watchman reported, “He reached them, but hasn’t started back. The one who drives the lead chariot drives like Jehu son of Nimshi; 50 he drives recklessly.” 9:21 Jehoram ordered, “Hitch up my chariot.” 51 When his chariot had been hitched up, 52 King Jehoram of Israel and King Ahaziah of Judah went out in their respective chariots 53 to meet Jehu. They met up with him 54 in the plot of land that had once belonged to Naboth of Jezreel.
9:22 When Jehoram saw Jehu, he asked, “Is everything all right, Jehu?” He replied, “How can everything be all right as long as your mother Jezebel promotes idolatry and pagan practices?” 55 9:23 Jehoram turned his chariot around and took off. 56 He said to Ahaziah, “It’s a trap, 57 Ahaziah!” 9:24 Jehu aimed his bow and shot an arrow right between Jehoram’s shoulders. 58 The arrow went through 59 his heart and he fell to his knees in his chariot. 9:25 Jehu ordered 60 his officer Bidkar, “Pick him up and throw him into the part of the field that once belonged to Naboth of Jezreel. Remember, you and I were riding together behind his father Ahab, when the Lord pronounced this judgment on him, 9:26 ‘“Know for sure that I saw the shed blood of Naboth and his sons yesterday,” says the Lord, “and that I will give you what you deserve right here in this plot of land,” 61 says the Lord.’ So now pick him up and throw him into this plot of land, just as the Lord said.” 62
9:27 When King Ahaziah of Judah saw what happened, he took off 63 up the road to Beth Haggan. Jehu chased him and ordered, “Shoot him too.” They shot him while he was driving his chariot up the ascent of Gur near Ibleam. 64 He fled to Megiddo 65 and died there. 9:28 His servants took his body 66 back to Jerusalem 67 and buried him in his tomb with his ancestors in the city of David. 9:29 Ahaziah had become king over Judah in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab.
9:30 Jehu approached Jezreel. When Jezebel heard the news, she put on some eye liner, 68 fixed up her hair, and leaned out the window. 9:31 When Jehu came through the gate, she said, “Is everything all right, Zimri, murderer of his master?” 69 9:32 He looked up at the window and said, “Who is on my side? Who?” Two or three 70 eunuchs looked down at him. 9:33 He said, “Throw her down!” So they threw her down, and when she hit the ground, 71 her blood splattered against the wall and the horses, and Jehu drove his chariot over her. 72 9:34 He went inside and had a meal. 73 Then he said, “Dispose of this accursed woman’s corpse. Bury her, for after all, she was a king’s daughter.” 74 9:35 But when they went to bury her, they found nothing left but 75 the skull, feet, and palms of the hands. 9:36 When they went back and told him, he said, “The Lord’s word through his servant, Elijah the Tishbite, has come to pass. He warned, 76 ‘In the plot of land at Jezreel, dogs will devour Jezebel’s flesh. 9:37 Jezebel’s corpse will be like manure on the surface of the ground in the plot of land at Jezreel. People will not be able to even recognize her.’” 77
10:1 Ahab had seventy sons living in Samaria. 78 So Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria to the leading officials of Jezreel and to the guardians of Ahab’s dynasty. This is what the letters said, 79 10:2 “You have with you the sons of your master, chariots and horses, a fortified city, and weapons. So when this letter arrives, 80 10:3 pick the best and most capable 81 of your master’s sons, place him on his father’s throne, and defend 82 your master’s dynasty.”
10:4 They were absolutely terrified 83 and said, “Look, two kings could not stop him! 84 How can we?” 85 10:5 So the palace supervisor, 86 the city commissioner, 87 the leaders, 88 and the guardians sent this message to Jehu, “We are your subjects! 89 Whatever you say, we will do. We will not make anyone king. Do what you consider proper.” 90
10:6 He wrote them a second letter, saying, “If you are really on my side and are willing to obey me, 91 then take the heads of your master’s sons and come to me in Jezreel at this time tomorrow.” 92 Now the king had seventy sons, and the prominent 93 men of the city were raising them. 10:7 When they received the letter, they seized the king’s sons and executed all seventy of them. 94 They put their heads in baskets and sent them to him in Jezreel. 10:8 The messenger came and told Jehu, 95 “They have brought the heads of the king’s sons.” Jehu 96 said, “Stack them in two piles at the entrance of the city gate until morning.” 10:9 In the morning he went out and stood there. Then he said to all the people, “You are innocent. I conspired against my master and killed him. But who struck down all of these men? 10:10 Therefore take note that not one of the judgments the Lord announced against Ahab’s dynasty has failed to materialize. The Lord had done what he announced through his servant Elijah.” 97 10:11 Then Jehu killed all who were left of Ahab’s family in Jezreel, and all his nobles, close friends, and priests. He left no survivors.
10:12 Jehu then left there and set out for Samaria. 98 While he was traveling through Beth Eked of the Shepherds, 10:13 Jehu encountered 99 the relatives 100 of King Ahaziah of Judah. He asked, “Who are you?” They replied, “We are Ahaziah’s relatives. We have come down to see how 101 the king’s sons and the queen mother’s sons are doing.” 10:14 He said, “Capture them alive!” So they captured them alive and then executed all forty-two of them in the cistern at Beth Eked. He left no survivors.
[8:26] 1 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[8:26] 2 tn Hebrew בַּת (bat), “daughter,” can refer, as here to a granddaughter. See HALOT 166 s.v. בַּת.
[8:27] 3 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[8:27] 4 tn Heb “and he walked in the way of the house of Ahab and did evil in the eyes of the
[8:29] 5 tn Heb “which the Syrians inflicted [on] him.”
[9:1] 7 tn Heb “one of the sons of the prophets.”
[9:2] 9 tn Heb “and go and set him apart from his brothers and bring him into an inner room in an inner room.”
[9:3] 11 tn Heb “and open the door and run away and do not delay.”
[9:4] 12 tc Heb “the young man, the young man, the prophet.” The MT is probably dittographic, the phrase “the young man” being accidentally repeated. The phrases “the young man” and “the prophet” are appositional, with the latter qualifying more specifically the former.
[9:5] 13 tn Heb “and he arrived and look, the officers of the army were sitting.”
[9:5] 14 tn Heb “[there is] a word for me to you, O officer.”
[9:5] 15 tn Heb “To whom from all of us?”
[9:6] 16 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:6] 17 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the prophet) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:7] 18 tn Or “strike down the house of Ahab your master.”
[9:7] 19 tn Heb “I will avenge the shed blood of my servants the prophets and the shed blood of all the servants of the
[9:8] 20 tc The LXX has the second person, “you.”
[9:8] 21 tn Heb “and I will cut off from Ahab those who urinate against a wall, [including both those who are] restrained and let free [or, ‘abandoned’] in Israel.” On the phrase וְעָצוּר וְעָזוּב (vÿ’atsur vÿ’azur, translated here “weak and incapacitated”) see the note at 1 Kgs 14:10.
[9:10] 23 sn Note how the young prophet greatly expands the message Elisha had given to him. In addition to lengthening the introductory formula (by adding “the God of Israel”) and the official declaration that accompanies the act of anointing (by adding “the
[9:11] 24 tn Heb “went out to.”
[9:11] 25 tc The MT has the singular, “he said,” but many witnesses correctly read the plural.
[9:11] 26 tn Heb “Is there peace?”
[9:11] 27 tn Heb “He said, ‘You, you know the man and his thoughts.’” Jehu tries to deflect their question by reminding them that the man is an eccentric individual who says strange things. His reply suggests that the man said nothing of importance. The translation seeks to bring out the tone and intent of Jehu’s reply.
[9:12] 28 tn Heb “So he said, ‘Like this and like this he said to me, saying.’” The words “like this and like this” are probably not a direct quote of Jehu’s words to his colleagues. Rather this is the narrator’s way of avoiding repetition and indicating that Jehu repeated, or at least summarized, what the prophet had said to him.
[9:13] 29 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:13] 30 tn Heb “and they hurried and took, each one his garment, and they placed [them] beneath him on the bone [?] of the steps.” The precise nuance of גֶרֶם (gerem), “bone,” is unclear. Some suggest the nuance “bare” here; it may be a technical architectural term in this context.
[9:13] 31 tn Heb “they blew the trumpet.” This has been translated as a passive to avoid the implication that the same ones who shouted had all blown trumpets.
[9:14] 33 tn Heb “he and all Israel.”
[9:15] 34 tn Heb “which the Syrians inflicted [on] him.”
[9:15] 35 sn See 2 Kgs 8:28-29a.
[9:15] 36 tn The words “his supporters” are added for clarification.
[9:15] 37 tn Heb “If this is your desire.” נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) refers here to the seat of the emotions and will. For other examples of this use of the word, see BDB 660-61 s.v.
[9:16] 38 tn Heb “rode [or, ‘mounted’] and went.”
[9:16] 39 tn Heb “lying down.”
[9:17] 41 tn Heb “the quantity [of the men] of Jehu, when he approached.” Elsewhere שִׁפְעַה (shif’ah), “quantity,” is used of a quantity of camels (Isa 60:6) or horses (Ezek 26:10) and of an abundance of water (Job 22:11; 38:34).
[9:17] 42 tn The term שִׁפְעַת (shifat) appears to be a construct form of the noun, but no genitive follows.
[9:17] 44 tn Heb “Get a rider and send [him] to meet him and let him ask, ‘Is there peace?’”
[9:18] 45 tn Heb “the rider of the horse.”
[9:18] 46 tn Heb “Is there peace?”
[9:18] 47 tn Heb “What concerning you and concerning peace?” That is, “What concern is that to you?”
[9:19] 48 tn Heb “and he came to them.”
[9:19] 49 tc The MT has simply “peace,” omitting the prefixed interrogative particle. It is likely that the particle has been accidentally omitted; several ancient witnesses include it or assume its presence.
[9:20] 50 tn Heb “and the driving is like the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi.”
[9:21] 51 tn The words “my chariot” are added for clarification.
[9:21] 52 tn Heb “and he hitched up his chariot.”
[9:21] 53 tn Heb “each in his chariot and they went out.”
[9:21] 54 tn Heb “they found him.”
[9:22] 55 tn Heb “How [can there be] peace as long as the adulterous acts of Jezebel your mother and her many acts of sorcery [continue]?” In this instance “adulterous acts” is employed metaphorically for idolatry. As elsewhere in the OT, worshiping other gods is viewed as spiritual adultery and unfaithfulness to the one true God. The phrase “many acts of sorcery” could be taken literally, for Jezebel undoubtedly utilized pagan divination practices, but the phrase may be metaphorical, pointing to her devotion to pagan customs in general.
[9:23] 56 tn Heb “and Jehoram turned his hands and fled.” The phrase “turned his hands” refers to how he would have pulled on the reins in order to make his horses turn around.
[9:23] 57 tn Heb “Deceit, Ahaziah.”
[9:24] 58 tn Heb “and Jehu filled his hand with the bow and he struck Jehoram between his shoulders.”
[9:24] 59 tn Heb “went out from.”
[9:26] 61 tn Heb “and I will repay you in this plot of land.”
[9:26] 62 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[9:27] 63 tn Heb “and Ahaziah king of Judah saw and fled.”
[9:27] 64 tn After Jehu’s order (“kill him too”), the MT has simply, “to the chariot in the ascent of Gur which is near Ibleam.” The main verb in the clause, “they shot him” (וַיִּכְהוּ, vayyikhhu), has been accidentally omitted by virtual haplography/homoioteleuton. Note that the immediately preceding form הַכֻּהוּ (hakkuhu), “shoot him,” ends with the same suffix.
[9:27] 65 map For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.
[9:28] 67 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[9:30] 68 tn Heb “she fixed her eyes with antimony.” Antimony (פּוּךְ, pukh) was used as a cosmetic. The narrator portrays her as a prostitute (see Jer 4:30), a role she has played in the spiritual realm (see the note at v. 22).
[9:31] 69 sn Jezebel associates Jehu with another assassin, Zimri, who approximately 44 years before had murdered King Elah, only to meet a violent death just a few days later (1 Kgs 16:9-20). On the surface Jezebel’s actions seem contradictory. On the one hand, she beautifies herself as if to seduce Jehu, but on the other hand, she insults and indirectly threatens him with this comparison to Zimri. Upon further reflection, however, her actions reveal a clear underlying motive. She wants to retain her power, not to mention her life. By beautifying herself, she appeals to Jehu’s sexual impulses; by threatening him, she reminds him that he is in the same precarious position as Zimri. But, if he makes Jezebel his queen, he can consolidate his power. In other words through her actions and words Jezebel is saying to Jehu, “You desire me, don’t you? And you need me!”
[9:32] 70 tn Heb “two, three.” The narrator may be intentionally vague or uncertain here, or the two numbers may represent alternate traditions.
[9:33] 71 tn The words “when she hit the ground” are added for stylistic reasons.
[9:33] 72 tn Heb “and he trampled her.”
[9:34] 73 tn Heb “and he went and ate and drank.”
[9:34] 74 tn Heb “Attend to this accursed woman and bury her for she was the daughter of a king.”
[9:35] 75 tn Heb “they did not find her, except for.”
[9:36] 76 tn Heb “It is the word of the
[9:37] 77 tn Heb “so that they will not say, ‘This is Jezebel.’”
[10:1] 78 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[10:1] 79 tn Heb “to the officers of Jezreel, the elders, and to the guardians of Ahab, saying.” It is not certain why the officials of Jezreel would be in Samaria. They may have fled there after they heard what happened to Joram and before Jehu entered the city. They would have had time to flee while Jehu was pursuing Ahaziah.
[10:2] 80 tn Heb “And now when this letter comes to you – with you are the sons of your master and with you are chariots and horses and a fortified city and weapons.”
[10:3] 81 tn Hebrew יָשָׁר (yashar) does not have its normal moral/ethical nuance here (“upright”), but a more neutral sense of “proper, right, suitable.” For the gloss “capable,” see HALOT 450 s.v. יָשָׁר.
[10:4] 83 tn Heb “they were very, very afraid.” The term מְאֹד (me’od) “very,” is repeated for emphasis.
[10:4] 84 tn Heb “did not stand before him.”
[10:4] 85 tn Heb “How can we stand?”
[10:5] 86 tn Heb “the one who was over the house.”
[10:5] 87 tn Heb “the one who was over the city.”
[10:5] 90 tn Heb “Do what is good in your eyes.”
[10:6] 91 tn Heb “If you are mine and you are listening to my voice.”
[10:6] 92 sn Jehu’s command is intentionally vague. Does he mean that they should bring the guardians (those who are “heads” over Ahab’s sons) for a meeting, or does he mean that they should bring the literal heads of Ahab’s sons with them? (So LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and some
[10:6] 93 tn Heb “great,” probably in wealth, position, and prestige.
[10:7] 94 tn Heb “and when the letter came to them, they took the sons of the king and slaughtered seventy men.”
[10:8] 95 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:8] 96 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:10] 97 tn Heb “Know then that there has not fallen from the word of the
[10:12] 98 tn Heb “and he arose and went and came to Samaria.”
